# clm_D647756EF9F7

subject: Shopify (/record/shopify.md)  
predicate: research_and_development  
value: 13,682,000 United States dollar  
valid_from: 2013-12-31  
valid_to: 2014-12-31  
published: no source on record carries a date  
recorded: 2026-10-27  
confidence: 0.95  
status: superseded  
assertable: true  
superseded_by: clm_36CE87E3640E  
last_updated: 2026-10-29  
checked: 2026-10-29 · parsed from the SEC filing  
parsed from: us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense in 20-F FY2015  

## Sources

- https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1594805/000159480516000019/0001594805-16-000019-index.htm (primary, SEC EDGAR 20-F FY2015)

---

AsOf is a temporal fact ledger: a structured, dated, sourced record of what is true and what changed, built for AI retrieval.