# clm_CCE9A74B4125

subject: Twilio (/record/twilio.md)  
predicate: research_and_development  
value: 530,548,000 United States dollar  
valid_from: 2020-12-31  
valid_to: 2021-12-31  
published: 2021-02-26  
recorded: 2026-10-27  
confidence: 0.95  
status: superseded  
assertable: true  
superseded_by: clm_1C240A7249BA  
last_updated: 2026-10-30  
checked: 2026-10-29 · parsed from the SEC filing  
parsed from: us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense in 10-K FY2020, filed 2021-02-26  

## Sources

- https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1447669/000144766921000070/0001447669-21-000070-index.htm (primary, SEC EDGAR 10-K FY2020, published 2021-02-26)

## Supersedes

- [Twilio](/record/twilio.md) | research_and_development | 391,355,000 United States dollar | valid 2019-12-31 to 2020-12-31 | conf 0.95 | superseded | superseded_by [clm_CCE9A74B4125](/claim/clm_CCE9A74B4125.md) | [clm_3C47F899E990](/claim/clm_3C47F899E990.md)

---

AsOf is a temporal fact ledger: a structured, dated, sourced record of what is true and what changed, built for AI retrieval.