# clm_2B7C2E91D29F

subject: IBM (/record/ibm.md)  
predicate: quarterly_research_and_development  
value: 1,579,000,000 United States dollar  
valid_from: 2008-09-30  
valid_to: 2009-03-31  
published: no source on record carries a date  
recorded: 2026-10-28  
confidence: 0.95  
status: superseded  
assertable: true  
superseded_by: clm_713D609DB0D0  
last_updated: 2026-10-29  
checked: 2026-10-29 · parsed from the SEC filing  
parsed from: us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense in 10-Q Q3 FY2009  

## Sources

- https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/51143/000110465909060554/0001104659-09-060554-index.htm (primary, SEC EDGAR 10-Q Q3 FY2009)

## Supersedes

- [IBM](/record/ibm.md) | quarterly_research_and_development | 1,660,000,000 United States dollar | valid 2008-06-30 to 2008-09-30 | conf 0.95 | superseded | superseded_by [clm_2B7C2E91D29F](/claim/clm_2B7C2E91D29F.md) | [clm_B1632FA941A6](/claim/clm_B1632FA941A6.md)

---

AsOf is a temporal fact ledger: a structured, dated, sourced record of what is true and what changed, built for AI retrieval.