# clm_15FECDA271E7

subject: Alphabet Inc. (/record/alphabet.md)  
predicate: research_and_development  
value: 21,419,000,000 United States dollar  
valid_from: 2018-12-31  
valid_to: 2019-12-31  
confidence: 0.95  
status: superseded  
superseded_by: clm_36D396459BFA  
first_seen: 2026-10-27  
last_updated: 2026-10-28  

## Sources

- https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204419000004/0001652044-19-000004-index.htm (primary, SEC EDGAR 10-K FY2018)

## Supersedes

- [Alphabet Inc.](/record/alphabet.md) | research_and_development | 16,625,000,000 United States dollar | valid 2017-12-31 to 2018-12-31 | conf 0.95 | superseded | superseded_by [clm_15FECDA271E7](/claim/clm_15FECDA271E7.md) | [clm_5B2B9C15F1A4](/claim/clm_5B2B9C15F1A4.md)
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